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In surveying, a baseline is a line between two points of the earth's surface and the direction and distance between them. In a triangulation network, at least one baseline needs to be measured to calculate the size of the triangles by trigonometry. In the United States Public Land Survey System, a baseline is the principal east-west line (i.e., a parallel) upon which all rectangular surveys in a defined area are based. The baseline meets its corresponding principal meridian at the point of origin, or ''initial point'', for the land survey. For example, the baseline for Nebraska and Kansas is shared as the border for both states, at the 40th parallel north. More specifically a baseline may be the line that divides a survey township between north and south. Often, a baseline is marked by other features such as a road or boundary between counties. =="Baseline Road" in the United States== Many communities in the United States have roads that run along survey baselines, many of which are named to reflect that fact. Some examples: * In Little Rock, Arkansas, Baseline Road follows the baseline used by surveyors of the Louisiana Purchase. * In Colorado, Baseline Road in Boulder marks the 40th parallel, or the western extension of the Kansas-Nebraska boundary, which is also the boundary between Adams and Weld counties. * In Arizona, the baseline near the Phoenix metro area is marked by Baseline Road. * In Southern California, from Highland to San Dimas, the baseline is marked by Baseline Road. * In Michigan, the baseline for the Michigan Survey forms the boundary between the second and third tiers of counties and in many portions, discontinuous segments of road along the baseline are known as "Baseline Road." 8 Mile Road in the Detroit area runs along the Michigan Baseline and was formerly known as "Baseline Road." * Baseline Road in Hillsboro, Oregon, generally follows the Willamette Baseline which intersects the Willamette Meridian at the Willamette Stone State Park. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baseline (surveying)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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